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C H A P T E R 1

Introduction

What’s in this chapter

 Background

 Architecture

 Process

 Installation Files Access

This chapter provides general information about ODBC, JDBC, and OLE DB.

Background

The International standard for SQL defines a standard high-level language for accessing

and manipulating the data stored in a relational database. The International standard for

the SQL CLI defines an application programming interface (API) that programs use to issue

SQL statements in a standardized manner through a series of well-defined API functions.

The term Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a more commonly used term than SQL

CLI, and in many contexts, the two terms are used synonymously. ODBC is actually a

Microsoft specification for an API that constitutes an implementation of the International

standards for the SQL CLI. ODBC is a superset of the SQL API, since it defines many func-

tions that the International standards for the SQL API do not define. However, the SQL CLI

and the Microsoft ODBC specification are closely aligned, and the two terms are used inter-

changeably especially in the C and C++ programming environments. Unless otherwise

noted, the terms SQL CLI and ODBC mean the same thing in this document.

Sun Microsystems developed a specification, called JDBC, that defines an API for the Java

programming environment that Java programmers use to access relational databases and

issue SQL statements. The JDBC specification defines many of the same types of functions

for Java programmers that ODBC and the SQL CLI define for C and C++ programmers. It is

possible for Java programs to directly invoke the API functions defined by ODBC and the

SQL API. However, the nature of the Java programming environment makes this cumber-

some. JDBC often provides a better solution than ODBC for the object-oriented Java

programming environment.

Like ODBC, JDBC is an implementation of the International standards for the SQL CLI. The

JDBC implementation consists of a set of Java interfaces, classes, and methods that a Java

programmer can use to do the same types of functions a C or C++ programmer uses when

invoking ODBC function calls. Also like ODBC, JDBC constitutes a superset of the SQL CLI,

since it defines many functions that the International standards for the SQL CLI do not

define.

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Wind River Spas TORNADO Dokumentacja Strona 17